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November 2001 - Sam Shepard & Ethan Hawke

Sam Shepard’s THE LATE HENRY MOSS, now playing at the Signature Theatre in New York, received its premiere at the Magic Theatre in San Francisco in the fall of 2000. The Magic is of course where Shepard as playwright-in-residence twenty-some years ago matured into the most distinguished American theatrical voice of his generation, until he went to Hollywood. I sympathize with anyone’s nostalgia for the earlier Shepard: "You’ve got to understand what Sam Shepard meant to us . . .when there was still a counterculture, he was our playwright."* Even as Caryl Churchill has been my playwright, without a doubt none other than good looking, rock-and-roll loving Sam Shepard has been our playwright.

I have directed six plays of Caryl Churchill and one of Sam Shepard: TOOTH OF CRIME. Unlike Churchill, Shepard does not write for women. His female characters are not particularly effectual. They are acted upon. They serve the male cause. Their destinies seem not of interest to the playwright. Now along comes HENRY MOSS with a strong Native American woman and people think she is an improvement upon Shepard’s previous neglect of female roles. In his review of the San Francisco production, Hal Gelb wrote in The Nation*:

After years of delineating the underside of macho, in HENRY MOSS Shepard brings onto his stage a Native woman, sensuous, with a mythic dimension and definitely Other. She brings with her clear vision, reverence for the dead, ritual, dance and a nonstereotypical way of being female. And it is she who – not maternally, but with great hardness – brings Henry to his death and closure to his suffering and macho failings.

Yes, for sure, this she does, and vigorously, as enacted by Sheila Tousey in the New York production directed by Joseph Chaikin. But how is this improvement? While the character possesses authentic spiritual ways and means, the extent of her action is to affect the life by effectuating the death of drunkard Henry Moss. Who she is other than an exotic person named Conchalla, and what she needs for her destiny, no one in the play or the audience ever discovers.

Some American playwright must learn to write roles for women. Where is our 21st century Ibsen, Strindberg or Chekhov? I’m teaching Script Interpretation to aspiring actors, and what American drama do I have to offer the young women? Needless to say, most characters in most plays are men. Mary Tyrone, Amanda Wingfield, and Linda Loman are older women. When I turn with appreciation to Tina Howe or Wendy Wasserstein, I come up against two-dimensionality. I can summon Tennessee Williams and Eugene O’Neill but who else? In respect of August Wilson, I wish that a white man would write complex roles for women; and that white women would write more deeply. Otherwise, our actresses become fairly superfluous in the theatre.

Sam Shepard has a stock of juicy roles for men, though less so in THE LATE HENRY MOSS. Still, respectable actors wanted to perform the play. In San Francisco, the cast included Sean Penn, Nick Nolte and Woody Harrelson. In New York it’s been Ethan Hawke in the role that Sean Penn originated, Henry Moss’s younger son Ray. Ethan Hawke is a likeable actor, except that he plays himself or a variation thereof. A couple of years ago I saw him as Kilroy in CAMINO REAL at Williamstown and more recently of course as Hamlet in the movie. He limits his voice and body. In HENRY MOSS he has difficulty finding a middle range. His expression veers from quiet intensity to boisterous intensity. More troubling than his effort on stage was his appearance in the lobby after the show.

I would like to recommend that any actor who plays himself on stage not mix with the audience. Let any actor who plays himself go out a back door or go out in disguise. Otherwise, he perverts the illusion theatre intends to create: that characters, distinct from the actors who embody them, inhabit the given circumstances of a play. As for the actor who plays through character, by all means, let him mix with the audience. A character actor can leave the character in the dressing room and freely mingle. An actor playing himself has only a costume to leave in the dressing room.

So why not just characterize? I wish Ethan Hawke would. And I wish Sam Shepard would write a play about a woman.

* Hal Gelb, "Long Playwright’s Journey, The Nation (12/25/00), 34-7.